Type-writing machine.



PATENTED JULY 17, 1906' J. I. FORKARTH. TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

fiorizqy f No. 825,899. PATENTED JULY 17, 1906. J. F. PORKARTH.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

- APPLICATION rum) JULY1,1904.

' a SHEETS-SHEET 2.

i f I l T 3 K 5 mi tin eJ'JeJ I fnrenlor:

PATENTED JULY 17, 1906.

J. F. FORKARTH.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

nreniar: Je uj FranzWA WL'Znesses: 25 WW1 M/VUAA Alien:

NITED STATES PATE m oFFIoE,

J OS EF FRANZ FOR K A R'll-I, OF IN N SBlt UUK-Wl L'lEN, A USTRIA-HU NGA RY;

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 17, 1906.

Application filed July 1, 1904- Serial No. 214,966.

In (all! 711/1107 it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Josnr FRANZ Fon- KARTH, a citizen of the Empire of Austria- Hungary, and a resident of Innsbruck-Wilten, in the Empire .of Austria-Hungary, (whose post-oflice address there is N o. 9 Haspingerstrasse,) have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Type-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to type-writing machines; and its object is to provide means for enabling the operator to so adjust the sheet of paper before starting to write thereon that the lower margin below the last line to be written on the sheet may be given any desired width measurable by single-line spaces and that upon the last line having been written on the sheet a single or a locking or releasing mechanism will be caused to operate, thereby either warning the Writer that he must cease writing or automatically rendering the machine inoperative for the time being.

I am aware that certain mechanisms have already been devised for a similar object wherein a pawl either rigidly or adjustably mounted in the type-writing machine was held in such a position by the sheet of paper passing over the impression-roller that the said mechanism could not in any way interfere with the manipulation of the machine, whereas the said pawl when dropping from the lower edge of the sheet would cause the mechanisms to operate. However, with these mechanism as heretofore constructedit was not possible in every case to at once and before starting to write adjust the sheet of paper in such a manner as to be sure that the lower margin of the sheet would have a certain predetermined width, this being only possible within certain limits, as will be made clear by the'following example: Assuming, for instance, that the length of the sheet used when measuring from the first line to the bottom edge of the sheet corresponds to sixty nine single line-spacings, or, in other words, to the like number of step-by-step rotations of the paper-roller to the extent of one tooth of its ratchet-wheel each time. Assuming, further, that the ratchet-'and-pawl'feed mechanism of the paper-roller be so adjusted as to cause the latter to feed the sheet of paper for-' ward to the extent of two teeth each time in passing from one line to the other, and that the pawl be so adjusted that its end be eight single line-spacings away from the impression-point-that is to say, from the lowermost edge of the typesin this case the pawl will drop down from the sheet of paper as soon as thirty-one lines have been written, because at the thirtieth line the width of paper from there to its lower edge was still equal to nine (9) single line-s acin s69(2 30) 9so that the paw cou d not yet then drop from the sheet of paper. However, after completion of the thirty-first line the distance from the lower edge of the sheet would not be eight but only seven (9-2) line-s acings. A width corresponding to ei ht s acings would, therefore, occur on y if, in tlie example here chosen (line-s acing of two ratchet-teeth each time) the ength of the sheet from the first line to the lower edge were such as would correspond to an even number of single line-spacings.

The conditions above explained will appear still more striking when the line-spacing corresponds to a stepTby-step rotation of the aper-roller to the extent of three or four teetli of the ratchet-wheel, in which case the distance between the bottom line of writing and the lower edge of the sheet may vxry to the extent of two or three single line-spacings.

My invention therefore consists in the construction and combination of parts hereinafter described, whereby the means for effecting and indicating the cot) eration of the lower ed e of the sheet wit a pawl are so combined with a scale or graduation that the latter will enable the operator to at once determine before he begins to write what osition the bottom line to be written will ave relatively to the lower edge of the sheet and at which point of" the sheet the first line will have to be located in order to secure the desired width of lower margin, or, in other words, what position of adjustment must be given to the point of impression, and hence also to the pawl, in order to cause the signal to be sounded or the machine to be rendered inoperative at the time when the last line desired has been written.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an end elevation, and Fig. 2 a front elevation, of part of a type-writing machine constructed accordin to my invention, with certain parts omitted and others partly broken away. Fig. 3 is'an end elevation, and Fig. 4 a central vertical section, partly broken away, of the paper-roller. Fig. 5 is a plan view of a scale or graduation, hereinafter to be referred to.

paper has passed below the pawl.

Fig. 6isadiagramtobe referred to. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the parts shown in section in Fig. 4. Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate a modified construction of the mechanism shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, and shown in a similar manner. Figs. 10, 11, 13, and 14 are (liagram or detail views to be more fully exlained hereinafter. Fig. 12 is a partlyliroken plan view of a scale or graduation to be referred to. Figs. 15 to 17 illustrate other details more or less diagrammatically.

In the construction shown in Figs. 8 and 9 the pawl a cooperates with an endless circumferential groove 01, provided near the one end of the paper-roller c and normally covered by the sheet of paper passing over the said roller 0, the said pawl, which normally rides on the sheet of paper, droppingfrom the latter into the uncovered portion of the said groove as soon as the lower edge of the As here shown, the pawl a itself is capable of adj ustment, being to this end mounted on a part 8, capable of being oscillated on the axis 6 of the aper-roller and carrying a pinion t. The atter is in engagement with a rack 12, mounted to slide in suitable guides in the frame of the machine and pressed toward the inion t by the action of a spring u. The said rack is formed with ratchet-teeth adapted to be engaged by a correspondinglyshaped edge w of measure.

the machine-frame for thereby enabling the said rack to be secured in any desired position of adjustment. The part 8, which in addition t0 the pawl a carries an alarm-bell m, is mounted in close proximity to the paperroller 0.

By pressing the rack 12 backward against the pressure of its spring a it may be disengaged from the edge w and may then be slid upward or downward to thereby adjust the pawl a in accordance with the number of interstices of the ratchet-teeth on the rack v say eight, as here shownin a corresponding nmnber of difierent positions relatively to the point of impression n, Fig. 8, these positions having a certain relation to the number and arrangement of the teeth of the ratchet feed-wheel on the paper roller. This arrangement renders it possible to vary the width of the lower margin on the sheet to the extent of from a single line-spacing to eight linespacings, as may be desired, it being only necessary to move the pawl a, with its point or end backward, to the extent of that number of teethwhich will correspond to the number of single line-spacings which the width the lower margin on the sheet is desired to Thus in the position as shown in Fig. 8 the end of the sheet of paper is located. four single line-spacings below the impression-point, and this is then the position in which the sheet will be when the last line is being Written. The end or point of the pawl still rests on the sheet of paper; but in the next rotation of the pa er-roller to the extent of one ratchet-tooth t 1e pawl will drop into the groove 'i, causing the hammer l to strike the bell m, and thereby to sound the alarm. However, in order to actually bring the last line into a position relatively to the lower edge of the sheet corresponding to the width of four-single line-spacings the first line to be written must be located at the proper point on the sheet. In order to make the proper adjustment for this case, I employ a scale or graduation such as shown by way of example in Fig. l() of the drawings. This scale or graduation must be imagined as beginning at the point of impression on the paper-roller, and its continuation extends upwardly from the lower end of the paper-guiding plate of the type-writing machine and along the upper surface of the said guiding-platethat is to say, toward the lower end of the sheet of paper, this being the end which lies uppermost when the sheet of paper has been placed on the guiding-platethe scale or graduation terminating on an upper extension of the guiding-plate, which must be su'lliciently long to have that end of the sheet which will subsequently be the lower edge of the letter, &c., to be written'still come within the scale or graduation when taking into account the lar est size of sheets to be accommodated and when adjusting the foremost edge of the sheet at such a distance away from the point of impression as will correspond to the approximate width of the upper margin.

' In the arrangement of the scale or graduation as shown in Fig. 10 provision is made for the three most commonly employed linespacings, (which correspond with one and two and three ratchet-teeth movements for narrow, medium, and wide line-spaces, respectively,) and every sixth line of the respective series of graduation-lines is marked to correspond the one with the other.

The sheet of paper having been introduced into the type-Writing machine in the usual and well-known manner and having' been fed forward by rotating the paper-roller to such an extent as to bring the point of impression into a position corresponding with the neight at which it is desired to start with the first line to be Written, the position of the lower edge of the sheet relatively to the scale or graduation will at once enable the operator to see at-which line of the scale or graduation the last line to be written will ultimately be, taking into consideration the feed adjustment provided for at the time being (one, two, or three ratchet-teeth) and the intended width of the lower margin. The operator will then be able to determine whether in this position of the sheet such a number of grad uation-lines Will remain between that graduation-line which corresponds with the ulti mate position of the last line, on the one hand, and the lower edge of the sheet. on the other hand, as would correspond with the desired width of the lower margin intended, and he roller forward or backward to the proper extent'as to bring the lower edge of the sheet tethe desired number of graduation-lines counting from the last line to be written, and this adjustment will then have the result that the desired width of the lower margin will be actually obtained. The rack 12 is at the outset adjusted Zby bringing the edge w into engagement with the fourth ratchet-tooth of the said rackcounting from the upper end.

In the pther form of my. invention, as shown Figs. 1 to 4, the pawl a is mounted in a statienarypart of the machine, a spring I) acting to ress the said pawl toward a metal disk d, rotatably mounted for adjustment on and relatively to the paper-roller c. As shown in the drawings, the said disk is mounted on the axis e of the paper-roller, and a springf, provided on its axis, tends to keep the said disk in engagement with the end face of the said roller, while two pins g, projecting from the latter, normally engage in two openings of an annular group of openings It provided in the said disk (1, thereby normally securing the latter against rotation relatively .to the paper-roller. The disk (1 on that side which adjoins the paper-roller is formed on its circumference with four recesses i and provided near the latter with marks 1c, indicating the location of the said recesses when these are covered by the paper. Opposite these marks the circumference of the paper-roller has also similar marks or graduation-lines impressed thereon, their number corresponding .to the number of ratchet-teeth of the feed-wheel of the paperroller, (thirty-two, for instance.)

The sheet of paper having been inserted into the machine and being carried over the paper roller covers the recesses i, and thereby preventsthe pawl a, which during the rotation of the paper-roller rides on the surface of the sheet of paper, from dropping into the recesses, which for the time being are covered by the sheet of paper. As soon, however, as the roller has been rotated to such an extent that a recess located beyond the lower edge of the sheet, and hence not any longer covered by the latter, arrives in position opposite the pawl a the latter will drop into the said recess under the action of the spring I). This causes the hammer Z, connected with the pawl, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, to sound the alarm-bell m, mounted on the machine-frame, thereby indicating to the operator that the last line to be written has been completed and that he must not continue writing any further.

From the above it is clear that if it is desired to locate the last line to be written at a considerable distance away from the lower edge of the sheet.

edge of the sheet, the adjustment of the diskd relatively. to the paper-roller or relatively to the pawl (L must be made in such a manner as to cause the first recess 'i which becomes clear of i the sheet of paper to be located as near as possible to the lower edge of the sheet, whereas if it is desired to locate the last line of writing nearer the lower edge of the sheet the adjustment must be made in such a manner as to cause the next recess which becomes clear of'the sheet of paper to be further removed from the lower In order to effect such adjustment of the disk d, the operator draws the said disk at away from the paper-roller 0 against the action of the spring f until the pins 9 are disengaged from their openings h. He then rotates the diskd to a su'liicient extent and finally allows the same to be pressed against the paper-roller again by the'action of the spring f, the pins 9 engaging two other openings h. The extent of the rotation or angular movement to be thus imparted to. the disk d in accordance with the desired lower margin between the last line and the lower edge of the sheet is again ascertained by means of a scale or graduation. On this scale or graduation those lines which in regard to their location correspond with the position of the recesses i on the paper-roller (in the example shown every eighth line) are designated by acrosS,( Thus if at the time when the operator begins to write one of the recesses i happens to be in the upper position he will be ab e to see by what number of graduation lines (or what number of ratchet-teeth of the paper-roller) the next recess following after the ower edge of the sheet will be away from this lower edge. Assuming, for instance, that the lower edge of the sheet be lying on the graduation in the position indicated by the dotted line II in Fig. 5, also that it be intended to provide for a lower margin corresponding to five lines of the graduation and that the paper-feed of the machine be adjusted for a ine spacing of two graduation lines or ratchet-teeth, then the lines 0 and 7) of the scale or'graduation shown in Fig. 5 will come into consideration for the last line to be written and the location of the next recess 71 remaining uncovered will correspond to the graduation-line 1. Now assuming'that thelast line will be at 0, then it will be seen that the lower margin will correspond to only four graduation-lines-that is to say, it will be too narrow. On the other hand, assuming that the last line will be at p, the lower margin will measure six graduation-lines-that is to say, it will be too wide. The operator will therefore now shift the sheet of paper to the extent of one line of the scale or graduation, so as to bring its lower edge into the position I, Fig. 5, and the lower margin. assuming the location of the last line to be at the graduation-line 0, will then measure five graduation-lines. If the 0 erator now counts backward eight -linestl iat is to say, upward on the scale or aduation beginning at the line 0,1astlineto ewritten-he will arrive at the raduation-line q. He will therefore have to adjust the disk d in such a manner as to move the recess '1; forward to the extent of two teeth, so that the mark is will be two graduation-lines behindthe u permost line or mark on the paper-roller, ig. 7. Thus in the example referred to the awl a, Fig. 6, will after a certain number 0 rotary feed movements of the paper-roller drop into one of the recesses i of the disk (1 at the moment when the lower margin will correspond to a five single line-s acings, and when the sheet of paper will, a ter completion of the last line to be written, be fed forward again. The sounding of the alarm-bell occur ring at this moment will then indicate to the operator that he must not write any further,

- but that he must now remove the sheet of paper from the machine.

Another modification of my invention is as follows: The arrangement of the awl a bell-hammer l, and alarm-bell m is t e same as shown in Figs. 1 to 4. The disk (1 is not movable but rigid on the aper-roller. In-

stead of four recesses L on y three such re cesses are formed in the disk 11. Each of these recesses extends over a portion of the circumference of the paper-roller corresponding to three and one-half teeth of its feedratchet. The marks which indicate when in their top position that one of the engaging recesses 'ihas arrived in position immediately behind the end or point of the awl a are provided on the circumfer ence of the left-hand knob of the paperroller, as shown inFi '11. The graduationlines on'the paper-r01 er pro er are dispensed with. The feed-ratchet iias thirty-three teeth. This arrangement enables the operator by means of the scale or graduation to at once so adjust the position of the sheet of paper that its lower margin after completion of the last line to be written will have a certain predetermined relation'to the next engaging recess not an longer-covered by the sheet of paper. I Wi 1 illustrate this by an example.

he scale or graduation employed in this modified construction, as shown in Fig. 12, has the graduation-lines for the several sizes of margin arranged in groups, one to eight, corresponding to the narrowest line-spacmg, two to nine to medium and three to ten to the widest, thus directly indicating the point at which the lower edge of the sheet must be located in the res ectlve group according to the aper-feed a justment emplo ed in the machine for the time being. nstead of being connected withor formed on the paper-guiding plate of the machine this scale or graduation maalso, if desired, be provided in any suita le manneron-the base or supporting plate of the machine. In this typewriter.) On'the rightand 'leftof the said mark it a number of graduation-tines (5-6) are provided at distances :apart vcorresponding to those of the single line-spacings. Be-

fore inserting the sheet of paper into the machine the operator so places it on the abovedescribed scale or graduation that the.lefthand or upper edge of the sheet will be approximate y on the guide-line mark I) and that its right-hand lateral edge will lie on they central portion of the scale or graduation, assuming the aper-feed of the machine to have been a justed for medium-line spaces. Theo erator then shifts the sheet of paper to the le t or right to such an extent as to cause its right-hand or lower edge to lie on that raduation-line of the respective grou of ines which indicates the desired widtli of margin. In the present-instance this would be the graduation-line '5 of the central graduation. The operator then ascertains on the left-hand side at which graduation-line on the left or ri ht of the mark I) the left-hand ed e of the s eet of paper lies, and he is thus abie to determine by what number of single line-spaces the paper, after its insertion into the machine, must with its up er edge be adjusted above or below the guideline (the latter in the Underwood-typewriter corresponding to the upper edge of the lateral pa erguide plates) before rotating the paper-ro 1 to such an extentwithout,however, changing the position of the sheet of paper-asto bring :the one or other of the marks t provided on not be exactly in the uppermost position, but.

that it will be moved m a direction toward or away from the operator by the same number of ratchet-teeth as that above referred to. To this end the left-hand knob of the paperrol-ler may addition to the marks t be provided on its circumference with a number of separate marks or lines for each position of the paper-roller, these lines or marks being designated as shown in Fig. 15. The scale or raduation thus formed on the said knob wiliwhen the latter is rotated be moved relatively to a stationary pointer u secured on the frame of the paper-slide of the machine. The said knob and the pointer may also, if desired, be arranged, as shown in Fi '16,- so as to be better under the control of t e o rator. Sup osing that the left-hand ed'e of the sheet 0 paper when placed on the arge scale or graduation shown in Fig. 17 lie at the graduation-line 3 on the left of the mark I), then the operator after having inserted the sheet of paper into the machine will shift it forward until the pointer to arrives at the third line behind a t mark, Fig. 15. The upper edge of the sheet of paper must then project beyond the ide-line on the machine and the operator wili then draw the sheet of paper back without, however, altering the position of the paper-slide until its up er end arrives in alinement with the guideme. After the sheet ofpaper has been brought into the correct position it may be moved forward only by means of the pa er-feed lever and backward only by a stepy-step rotation of the paper-roller to the extent of such a number of ratchet-teeth as will corres 0nd with the line-spacing adjustment ma e for the time being, for instance, to the extent of two ratchet-teeth each time for the medium linespacing adjustment. When following these directions, the desired lower margin will always be found to have been obtained every time when the alarm-bell'sounds.

Fig. 13 shows the relative positions of the sheet of paper, point of impression, pawl, and engaging recesses while the last line is being written, andassuming that the paper-feed of the machine has been adjusted for single linespaces and that a lower margin of the width of a single line only be intended. The osition assumed by the pawl upon the paperliaving been fed forward again after completion of the last line to be written is designated by dotted lines in this ure.

Fig. 14 shows, on t e other hand, the relative positions of the sheet of paper, pawl, and engagin recess when the aper-feed has been a justed' for the wi est line-spaces (three ratchet-teeth each time) and when it is desired to obtain a width of lower mar in corresponding to ten sin le lines. In t figure the position assume by the pawl-upon the paper having been fed forward again after com letion of the last line is also shown in dotted ines.

What I claim as m invention, and desire to secure by Letters atent, is 5 1.- In a type-writing machine, the combination'with a paper-roller having a circumferential recess or recesses on that part of its surface which is covered by the paper assing over the said roller, of a pawl mounte in the vertical plane of the said recess or recesses and above the surface of the paper passing between said pawl and said recess or recesses, means causing the said pawl to engage the said recess or recesses after the paper is passed below the said pawl, an indicating device, connections between said device and said pawl whereby said device is o erated by the engagement of the said paw with the said recess or recesses, adjustin means for altering the relative positions of t e pawl and paper-roller inia rotative sense, means for determining and reading off the extent of such relative adjustment, and ascale or graduation having its lines arranged in a certain relation to the location of the point of impression on the pa er-roller and to the position to be given t e paper relatively thereto for different line-spaclng adjustments of the machine.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paperroller having a circumferential recess or recesses on that part of its surface which is covered by the paper assing over the said roller, of a pawl mounte in the vertical plane of the said recess or recesses and above the surface of the pap er passing between said awl and said recess or recesses, means causing the said pawl to engage the said recess or recesses after the paper 1s passed below the said pawl, an indicating device, connections between said device and said pawl whereby said device is operated by the engagement of the said pawl with'the said recess or recesses, adjustin means for altering the relative positions 0% the pawl and paperroller in a rotative sense, means for determining and readin off the extent of such relative adjustment, and a scale or graduation on the paper-guiding late of the machine having its ines arrange in a certain relation to the location of thepoint of impression on the paper-roller and to the position to be given the paper relatively thereto for different line-spacing adjustments of the machine, substantially as and for the purpose described.

J OSEF FRANZ FORKARTH. Witnesses-z ABRAHAM SOHLESINGER, OYAVERY KoRNER. 

